The OSI Model with possible protocols

October 25, 2025 at 9:14 AM

Official Post

No.	Layer	Description	Device	Implementations Protocols
7	Application	Provides services directly to user applications. Identifies communication partners, identifies quality of service, considers user authentication and privacy and determines if adequate ressources are present.	Gateway	SMB HTTP SMTP FTP SNMP Telnet AppleTalk
6	Presentation	Performs data transformations and services including formatting, compression and encryption services to provide a common interface for user applications.	Gateway Redirectors	HTTP FTP Telnet SMTP AFP TDI
5	Session	Establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications at each end. Allows 2 applications to communicate over a network by opening a sessions and synchronizing the involved computers.	Gateway	NetBEUI TCP UDP SPX
4	Transport	Provides transparent transfer of data between end systems by insulating layers 5-7 from complexities of layers 1-3. Responsible for end to end error recovery and flow control and ensures complete data transfer.	Gateway	IP IPX NWLink NetBEUI
3	Network	Establishes, maintains and terminates network connections. Handles traffic management including addressing, routing, switching, forwarding, local paths and virtual circuits, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing.	Router Brouter	IP IPX NWLink NetBEUI
2	Data Link	Divided into two sub-layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) sub layer controls how a networked computer gains access to the data and permission to transmit it The Logical Link Control (LLC) sub layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking.	Switch Bridge Router	Ethernet PPP HDLC
1	Physical	Controls transmission of the bit stream data over the physical medium. Standards for this layer address transmission at the electrical and menchanical level including signal voltage swing, voltage duration, etc.	Multiplexer Repeater	Ethernet Token Ring FDDI

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